Documentation to "My Case"

-
Ackermand D (1970) Stabilitat und Synthese des Sapphirins im System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-(H2O). PhD thesis, Ruhr University, Bochum (in German)

Ackermand D, Seifert F, Schreyer W (1975) Instability of sapphirine at high pressures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 50:79-92

Agee CB, Li J, Shannon MC, Circone S (1995) Pressure-temperature phase diagram for the Allende meteorite. J Geophys Res 100:17725-17740

Agee CB, Walker D (1993) Olivine flotation in mantle melt. Earth Planet Sci Lett 114:315-324

Akaogi M, Akimoto S (1977) Pyroxene-garnet solid-solution equilibria in the system Mg4Si4O12-Mg3Al2Si3O12 and Fe4Si4O12-Fe3Al2Si3O12 at high pressures and temperatures. Phys Earth Planet Inter 15:90-106

Akaogi M, Ross NL, McMillan P, Navrotsky A (1984) The Mg2SiO4 polymorphs (olivine, modified spinel and spinel) - thermodynamic properties from oxide melt solution calorimetry, phase relations, and models of lattice vibrations. Am Mineral 69:499-512

Akaogi M, Navrotsky A, Yagi T, Akimoto S (1987) Pyroxene-garnet transformation: Thermochemistry and elasticity of garnet solid solutions, and application to a pyrolite mantle. In: Manghnani MH, Syono Y (eds) High-Pressure Research in Mineral Physics, Terrapub, Tokyo, pp 251-260

Akimoto S, Akaogi M (1980) The system Mg2SiO4-MgO-H2O at high pressures and temperatures - possible hydrous magnesian silicates in the mantle transition zone. Phys Earth Planet Inter 23:268-275

Akimoto S, Komada E, Kushiro I (1967) Effect of pressure on the melting of olivine and spinel polymorph of Fe2SiO4. J Geophys Res 72:679-686

Akimoto S, Katsura T, Syono Y, Fujisawa H, Komada E (1965) Polymorphic transition of pyroxenes FeSiO3 and CoSiO3 at high pressures and temperatures. J Geophys Res 70:5269-5278

Allègre CJ (1997) Limitation on the mass exchange between the upper and lower mantle: The evolving convection regime of the Earth. Earth Planet Sci Lett 150:1-6

Allen ET, Wright FE, Clement JK (1906) Minerals of the composition MgSiO3; a case of tetramorphism. Am J Sci (4th ser) 22:385-438

Anastasiou P, Seifert F (1972) Solid solubility of Al2O3 in enstatite at high temperatures and 1-5 kb water pressure. Contrib Mineral Petrol 34:272-287

Anders E, Grevesse N (1989) Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 53:197-214

Anderson DL (1979) Chemical stratification of the mantle. J Geophys Res 84:6297-6298

Anderson DL (1981) Hotspots, basalts, and the evolution of the mantle. Science 213:82-89

Anderson DL (1989) Theory of the Earth. Blackwell, Boston Oxford London Edinburgh Melbourne

Angel RJ, Chopelas A, Ross NL (1992) Stability of high-density clinoenstatite at upper-mantle pressures. Nature 358, 322-324

Arima M, Onuma K (1977) The solubility of alumina in enstatite and the phase equilibria in the join MgSiO3-MgAl2SiO6 at 10-25 kbar. Contrib Mineral Petrol 61:251-265

Asahara Y, Ohtani E, Suzuki A (1998) Melting relations of hydrous and dry mantle compositions and the genesis of komatiites. Geophys Res Lett 25:2201-2204

Atlas L (1952) The polymorphism of MgSiO3 and solid-state equilibria in the system MgSiO3-CaMgSi2O6. J Geol 60:125-147

Bass JD, Anderson DL (1984) Composition of the upper mantle: Geophysical tests of two petrological models. Geophys Res Lett 11:237-240

Bell PM, Kalb J (1969) Stability of omphacite in the absence of excess silica. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 67:97-98

Bell PM, Roseboom EH Jr (1969) Melting relationships of jadeite and albite to 45 kilobars with comments on melting diagrams of binary systems at high pressures. Mineral Soc Am Spec Pap 2:151-161

Benz HM, Vidale JE (1993) Sharpness of upper-mantle discontinuities determined from high-frequency reflections. Nature 365:147-150

Berman RG (1990) Mixing properties of Ca-Mg-Fe-Mn garnets. Am Mineral 75:328-344

Berman RG, Brown TH (1985) Heat capacity of minerals in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2: Representation, estimation, and high temperature extrapolation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 89:168-183

Biellmann C, Gillet P, Guyot F, Peyronneau J, Reynard B (1993) Experimental evidence for carbonate stability in the Earth's lower mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 118:31-41

Biggar GM (1985) Calcium-poor pyroxenes: Phase relations in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Mineral Mag 49:49-58

Biggar GM (1988) Protoenstatite compositions from 1 bar to 5 kb (abs). Chem Geol 70:3

Bijwaard H, Spakman W (1999) Tomographic evidence for a narrow whole mantle plume below Iceland. Earth Planet Sci Lett 166:121-126

Birch F (1952) Elasticity and constitution of the Earth's interior. J Geophys Res 57:227-286

Bishop FC, Newton RC (1975) The composition of low-pressure synthetic sapphirine. J Geol 83:511-517

Blichert-Toft J, Frei R (2001) Complex Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotope systematics in metamorphic garnets from the Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:3177-3187

Boettcher AL (1970) The system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at high pressure and temperature J Petrol 11:337-379

Boettcher AL (1971) The nature of the crust of the Earth, with special emphasis on the role of plagioclase. In: Heacock JG (ed) The Structure and Physical Properties of the Earth’s Crust. Geophysical Monograph Series, vol 14, Am Geophys Union, Washington, DC, pp 261-277.

Bohlen SR, Boettcher AL (1982) The quartz = coesite transformation: A precise determination and the effects of other components. J Geophys Res 87:7073-7078

Bohlen SR, Montana A, Kerrick, DM (1991) Precise determination of the equilibria kyanite = sillimanite and kyanite = andalusite and a revised triple point for Al2SiO5 polymorphs. Am Mineral 76:677-684

Botvinkin OK, Popova TA (1937) The melting diagram of the system Na2SiO3-Mg2SiO4-SiO2. Trans Second Conf Exp Mineral Petrol, 7-10 May 1936, Akad Nauk SSSR, Moscow Leningrad, pp 87-93 (in Russian)

Bowen NL (1913) The melting phenomena of the plagioclase feldspars. Am J Sci 35:577-599

Bowen NL (1914) The ternary system diopside-forsterite-silica. Am J Sci 38:207-264

Bowen NL, Andersen O (1914) The binary system MgO-SiO2. Am J Sci (4th ser) 37:487-500

Boyd FR (1970) Garnet peridotites and the system CaSiO3-MgSiO3-Al2O3. Mineral Soc Am Spec Pap 3:63-75

Boyd FR, England JL (1961) Melting of silicates at high pressures. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 60:113-125

Boyd FR, England JL (1963) Effect of pressure on the melting of diopside, CaMgSi2O6, and albite, NaAlSi3O8, in the range up to 50 kilobars. J Geophys Res 68:311-323

Boyd FR, England JL (1964) The system enstatite-pyrope. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 63:157-161

Boyd FR, England JL (1965) The rhombic enstatite-clinoenstatite inversion. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 64:117-120

Boyd FR, Shairer JF (1964) The system MgSiO3-CaMgSi2O6. J Petrol 5:275-309

Boyd FR, England JL, Davis BTC (1964) Effects of pressure on the melting and polymorphism of enstatite, MgSiO3. J Geophys Res 69:2101-2109

Boyd FR, Gurney JJ, Richardson SH (1985) Evidence for a 150-200 km thick Archaean lithosphere from diamond inclusion thermobarometry. Nature 315:387-389

Brey G, Huth J (1984) The enstatite-diopside solvus to 60 kbar. Proceed Third Inter Kimberlite Conf 2:257-264

Brey GP, Nickel KG, Kogarko L (1986) Garnet-pyroxene equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS): Prospects for simplified (“T-independent”) lherzolite barometry and an eclogite-barometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol 92:448-455

Brousse C, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1984) Enthalpy of formation of forsterite, enstatite, åkermanite, monticellite and merwinite at 1073 K determined by alkali borate solution calorimetry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1081-1088

Buddington AF (1943) Some petrological concepts and the interior of the Earth. Am Mineral 28:119-140

Cadek O, van den Berg AP (1998) Radial profiles of temperature and viscosity in the Earth's mantle inferred from the geoid and lateral seismic structure. Earth Planet Sci Lett 164:607-615

Cameron AGW, Ward WR (1976) The origin of the moon. Lunar Science 7:120-122

Cameron WE (1976) Coexisting sillimanite and mullite. Geol Mag 113:497-513

Canil D (1994) Stability of clinopyroxene at pressure-temperature conditions of the transition zone. Phys Earth Planet Inter 86:25-34

Canil D, Scarfe CM (1990) Phase relations in peridotite + CO2 systems to 12 GPa: Implications for the origin of kimberlite and carbonate stability in the Earth's upper mantle. J Geophys Res 95:15805-15816

Carlson WD (1985) Evidence against the stability of orthoenstatite above ~1005°C at atmospheric pressure in CaO-MgO-SiO2. Geophys Res Lett 12:409-411

Carlson WD (1986) Reversed pyroxene phase equilibria in CaO-MgO-SiO2 at one atmosphere pressure. Contrib Mineral Petrol 92:218-224

Carlson WD (1988) Subsolidus phase equilibria on the forsterite-saturated join Mg2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6 at atmospheric pressure. Am Mineral 73:232-241

Carlson WD (1989) Subsolidus phase equilibria near the enstatite-diopside join in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at atmospheric pressure. Am Mineral 74:325-332

Carlson WD, Lindsley DH (1988) Thermochemistry of pyroxenes on the join Mg2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6. Am Mineral 73:242-252

Carlson WD, Swinnea JS, Miser DE (1988) Stability of orthoenstatite at high temperature and low pressure. Am Mineral 73:1255-1263

Carpenter MA (1981) Time-temperature-transformation (TTT) analysis of cation disordering in omphacite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 78:433-440

Carpenter MA, McConnell JDC (1984) Experimental delineation of the C`1 = I`1 transfromation in intermediate plagioclase feldspars. Am Mineral 69:112-121

Carpenter MA, Smith DC (1981) Solid solution and cation ordering limits in high-temperature sodic pyroxenes from the Nybö eclogite pod, Norway. Mineral Mag 44:37-44

Carpenter MA, Putnis A, Navrotsky A, McConnell JDC (1983) Enthalpy effects associated with Al/Si ordering in anhydrous Mg-cordierite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:899-906

Charlu TV, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1975) Enthalpies of formation at 970 K of compounds in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 from high temperature solution calorimetry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39:1487-1497

Charlu TV, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1978) Enthalpy of formation of some lime silicates by high-temperature solution calorimetry, with discussion of high pressure phase equilibria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42:367-375

Charlu TV, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1981) Thermochemistry of synthetic Ca2Al2SiO7 (gehlenite)-Ca2MgSi2O7 (åkermanite) melilites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:1609-1617

Chatillon-Colinet C, Newton RC, Perkins D, Kleppa OJ (1983) Thermochemistry of (Fe2+,Mg)SiO3 orthopyroxene. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 47:1597-1603

Chatterjee ND, Schreyer W (1972) The reaction enstatitess + sillimanite = sapphiriness + quartz in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Contrib Mineral Petrol 36:49-62

Chen G, Cooke JA, Gwanmesia GD, Liebermann RC (1999) Elastic wave velocities of Mg3Al2Si3O12-pyrope garnet to 10 GPa. Am Mineral 84:384-388

Chen C-H, Presnall DC (1975) The system Mg2SiO4-SiO2 at pressures up to 25 kilobars. Am Mineral 60:398-406

Clark SP Jr, Schairer JF, de Neufville J (1962) Phase relations in the system CaMgSi2O6-CaAl2SiO6-SiO2 at low and high pressure. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearb 61:59-68

Cohen LH, Klement W (1967) High-low quartz inversion: Determination to 35 kilobars. J Geophys Res 72:4245-4251

Condie KL (1982) Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution. 2nd edition, Pergamon Press, New York

Cressey G, Schmid R, Wood BJ (1978) Thermodynamic properties of almandine-grossular garnet solid solutions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 67:397-404

Dallwitz WB, Green DH, Thompson JE (1966) Clinoenstatite in a volcanic rock from the Cape Vogel area, Papua. J Petrol 7:375-403

Dalton JA, Presnall DC (1998) Carbonatitic melts along the solidus of model lherzolite in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 from 3 to 7 GPa. Contrib Mineral Petrol 131:123-135

Danckwerth PA, Newton RC (1978) Experimental determination of the spinel peridotite to garnet peridotite reaction in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 in the range 900°-1100°C and Al2O3 isopleths of enstatite in the spinel field. Contrib Mineral Petrol 66:189-201

Davidson PM, Lindsley DH, Carlson WD (1988) Thermochemistry of pyroxenes on the join Mg2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6: A revision of the model for pressures up to 30 kbar. Am Mineral 73:1264-1266

Davis BTC, Boyd FR (1966) The join Mg2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6 at 30 kilobars pressure and its application to pyroxenes from kimberlites. J Geophys Res 71:3567-3576

Davis BTC, England JL (1964) The melting of forsterite up to 50 kilobars. J Geophys Res 69:1113-1116

Dixon JR, Presnall DC (1980) Al2O3 content of enstatite: A spinel lherzolite barometer. Geol Soc Am Abstr Prog 12:414

Dobson DP, Jones AP, Rabe R, Sekine T, Kurita K, Taniguchi T, Kondo T, Kato T, Shimomura O, Urakawa S (1996) In-situ measurement of viscosity and density of carbonate melts at high pressure. Earth Planet Sci Lett 143:207-215

Doroshev AM, Malinovskiy IY (1974a) Upper pressure limit of stability of sapphirine. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 219:136-138

Doroshev AM, Malinovskiy IY (1974b) Topological analysis of the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. In: Experimental Studies in Mineralogy, Akad Nauk SSSR, Novosibirsk, pp 81-86 (in Russian)

Doroshev AM, Malinovskiy IY (1975) Study of the univariant reaction enstatite + sapphirine = pyrope + spinel. In: Experimental Studies in Mineralogy, Akad Nauk SSSR, Novosibirsk, pp 104-105 (in Russian)

Dueker KG, Sheehan AF (1998) Mantle discontinuity structure beneath the Colorado Rocky Mountains and High Plains. J Geophys Res 103:7153-7169

Duffy TS, Anderson DL (1989) Seismic velocity in mantle materials and mineralogy of the upper mantle. J Geophys Res 94:1895-1912

Eckert JO, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1992) Enthalpy change of the reaction 3/2enstatite + corundum = pyrope. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3971-3978

Eskola P (1921) On the eclogites of Norway. Vidensk-selskapets Skr, Kristiania, I Mat-Naturv Kl 8:1-118

Essene E (1974) High-pressure transformations in CaSiO3. Contrib Mineral Petrol 45:247-250

Fawcett JJ, Yoder HS Jr (1966) Phase relations of chlorites in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. Am Mineral 51:353-380

Flanagan MP, Shearer PM (1998) Global mapping of topography on transition zone velocity discontinuities by stacking SS precursors. J Geophys Res 103:2673-2692

Flesch LM, Li B, Liebermann RC (1998) Sound velocities of polycrystalline MgSiO3-orthopyroxene to 10 GPa at room temperature. Am Mineral 83:444-450

Forte AM, Peltier WR, Dziewonski AM (1991) Inferences of mantle viscosity from tectonic plate velocities. Geophys Res Lett 18:1747-1750

Foster WR (1950) Synthetic sapphirine and its stability relations in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. J Geol 58:135-151

Foster WR, Lin HC (1975) New data on the forsterite-diopside-silica system. Eos Trans AGU 56:470

Frost DJ, Fei Y (1998) Stability of phase D at high pressure and high temperature. J Geophys Res 103:7463-7474

Fujii T (1976) Solubility of Al2O3 in enstatite coexisting with forsterite and spinel. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 75:566-571

Fujii T (1977) Pyroxene equilibria in spinel lherzolite. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 76:569-572

Fujii T and Takahashi E (1976) On the solubility of alumina in orthopyroxene coexisting with olivine and spinel in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Mineral J 8:122-128

Fukao Y, Obayashi M, Inoue H, Nenbai M (1992) Subducting slabs stagnant in the mantle transition zone. J Geophys Res 97:4809- 4822

Gaherty JB, Jordan TH, Gee LS (1996) Seismic structure of the upper mantle in a central Pacific corridor. J Geophys Res 101:22291-22309

Galer SJG, Goldstein SL (1991) Early mantle differentiation and its thermal consequences. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:227-239

Ganguly J, Cheng W, O’Neill HStC (1993) Syntheses volume and structural changes of garnets in the pyrope-grossular join: Implications for stability and mixing properties. Am Mineral 78:583-593

Gasparik T (1986) The compositions of coexisting clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene on the enstatite-jadeite join. Eos Trans AGU 67:368

Gasparik T (1988) The synthesis of a new pyroxene - NaMg0.5Si2.5O6 and garnet near the diopside-jadeite join. Eos Trans AGU 69:500

Genge M.J, Price GD, Jones AP (1995) Molecular dynamics simulations of CaCO3 melts to mantle pressures and temperatures: Implications for carbonatite magmas. Earth Planet Sci Lett 131:225-238.

Gibbs GV (1966) The polymorphism of cordierite I: The crystal structure of low cordierite. Am Mineral 51:1068-1087

Goldsmith JR (1980) The melting and breakdown reactions of anorthite at high pressures and temperatures. Am Mineral 65:272-284

Gossler J, Kind R (1996) Seismic evidence for very deep roots of continents. Earth Planet Sci Lett 138:1-13

Grover JE (1972a) The stability of low-clinoenstatite in the system Mg2Si2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6 (abs). Eos Trans AGU 53:539

Grover JE (1972b) Two problems in pyroxene mineralogy. PhD thesis, Yale University, New Haven

Grover JE (1980) Thermodynamics of pyroxenes. In: Prewitt CT (ed) Reviews in Mineralogy, vol 1, Pyroxenes, Mineral Soc Am, Washington DC, pp 341-417

Gu Y, Dziewonski AM, Agee CB (1998) Global de-correlation of the topography of transition zone discontinuities. Earth Planet Sci Lett 157:57-67

Gudfinnsson GH, Presnall DC (1996) Melting relations of model lherzolite in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 24-34 GPa and the generation of komatiites. J Geophys Res 101:27701-27709

Gupta AK, Green DH, Taylor WR (1987) The liquidus surface of the system forsterite-nepheline-silica at 28 kb. Am J Sci 287:560-565

Gwanmesia GD, Chen G, Liebermann RC (1998) Sound velocities in MgSiO3-garnet to 8 GPa. Geophys Res Lett 25:4553-4556

Hafner S, Laves F (1961) Ordnung/Unordnung und Ultrarotabsorption III. Die Systeme MgAl2O4-Al2O3 und MgAl2O4-LiAl5O8. Z Krystallogr 115:321-330 (in German)

Haggerty SE (1999) A diamond trilogy: Superplumes, supercontinents, and supernovae. Science 285:851-860

Haggerty SE, Sautter V (1990) Ultradeep (greater than 300 kilometers), ultramafic upper mantle xenoliths. Science 248:993-996

Hammouda T, Laporte D (2000) Ultrafast mantle impregnation by carbonatite melts. Geology 28:283-285

Haraldsen H (1930) Beiträge zur Kenntnis de thermischen Umbildung des Talks. Neues Jahrb 61A:139-164 (in German)

Hariya Y, Kennedy GC (1968) Equilibrium study of anorthite under high pressure and high temperature. Am J Sci 266:193-203

Hariya Y, Dollase WA, Kennedy GC (1969) An experimental investigation of the relationship of mullite to sillimanite. Am Mineral 54:1419-1441

Harlov DE, Newton RC (1993) Reversal of the metastable kyanite + corundum + quartz and andalusite + corundum + quartz equilibria and the enthalpy of formation of kyanite and andalusite. Am Mineral 78:594-600

Harris J, Hutchison MT, Hursthouse M, Light M, Harte B (1997) A new tetragonal silicate mineral occurring as inclusions in lower-mantle diamonds. Nature 387:486-488

Harte B, Hutchison MT, Harris JW (1994) Trace element characteristics of the lower mantle: An ion probe study of inclusions in diamonds from São Luiz, Brazil. Mineral Mag 58A:386-387

Harte B, Harris JW, Hutchison MT, Watt GR, Wilding MC (1999) Lower mantle mineral associations in diamonds from São Luiz, Brazil. In: Fei Y, Bertka C, Mysen BO (eds) Mantle Mineralogy: Field Observations and High Pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to Francis R (Joe) Boyd, The Geochemical Society, Houston, Geochem Soc Spec Publ 6:125-153

Hartmann WK, Davis DR (1975) Satelite-sized planetesimals and lunar origin. Icarus 24:504-515

Haselton HT (1979) Calorimetry of synthetic pyrope-grossular garnets and calculated stability relations. PhD thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago

Haselton HT, Newton RC (1980) Thermodynamics of pyrope-grossular garnets and their stabilities at high temperatures and high pressures. J Geophys Res 85:6973-6982

Hatch DM, Ghose S (1989) Symmetry analysis of the phase transition and twinning in MgSiO3 garnet: Implications to mantle mineralogy. Am Mineral 74:1221-1224

Hays JF (1966) Lime-alumina-silica. Carnegie Inst Washington Year Book 65:234-239

Hemingway BS, Robie RA, Evans HT Jr, Kerrick DM (1991) Heat capacities and entropies of sillimanite, fibrolite, andalusite, kyanite, and quartz and the Al2SiO5 phase diagram. Am Mineral 76:1597-1613

Hensen BJ (1972) Phase relations involving pyrope, enstatitess, and sapphiriness in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2: Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 71:421-427

Hensen BJ, Schmid R, Wood BJ (1975) Activity-composition relationships for pyrope-grossular garnet. Contrib Mineral Petrol 51:161-166

Herzberg CT (1976) The plagioclase-lherzolite to spinel-lherzolite facies boundary; its bearing on corona structure formation and tectonic history in the Norwegian Caledonides. In: Biggar GM (ed) Progress in Experimental Petrology, vol D-3, The Natural Environment Research Council Publications, London, pp 233-235

Herzberg CT (1983) The reaction forsterite + cordierite = aluminous orthopyroxene + spinel in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84:84-90

Herzberg CT, Biggar GM (1978) Subsolidus phase relations in the system CaMgSi2O6-CaAl2SiO6-Ca2Si2O6. In: MacKenzie WS (ed) Progress in Experimental Petrology, Natural Environmental Research Council Publications, vol D-4, London, pp 138-140

Herzberg CT, Gasparik T (1989) Melting experiments on chondrite at high pressures: Stability of anhydrous phase B. Eos Trans AGU 70:484

Herzberg CT, O’Hara MJ (1985) Origin of mantle peridotite and komatiite by partial melting. Geophys Res Lett 12:541-544

Herzberg CT, Ohtani E (1988) Origin of komatiite at high pressures. Earth Planet Sci Lett 88:321-329

Herzberg CT, Zhang J (1998) Melting experiments in the systems CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and MgO-SiO2 at 3 to 15 GPa. Am Mineral 83:491-500

Herzberg CT, Feigenson M, Skuba C, Ohtani E (1988) Majorite fractionation recorded in the geochemistry of peridotites from South Africa. Nature 332:823-826

Hirose K, Fei Y, Ono S, Yagi T, Funakoshi K-i (2001) In situ measurements of the phase transition boundary in Mg3Al2Si3O12: Implications for the nature of the seismic discontinuities in the Earth’s mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 184:567-573

Hlabse T, Kleppa OJ (1968) The thermochemistry of jadeite. Am Mineral 53:1281-1292

Hofmeister AM (1999) Mantle values of thermal conductivity and the geotherm from phonon lifetimes. Science 283:1699-1706

Hofmeister AM, Chopelas A (1991) Thermodynamic properties of pyrope and grossular from vibrational spectroscopy. Am Mineral 76:880-891

Holland TJB (1980) The reaction albite = jadeite + quartz determined experimentally in the range 600-1200°C. Am Mineral 65:129-134

Holland TJB (1983) The experimental determination of activities in disordered and short-range ordered jadeitic pyroxenes. Contrib Mineral Petrol 82:214-220

Howells S, O'Hara MJ (1975) Palaeogeotherms and the diopside-enstatite solvus. Nature 254:406-408

Howells S, O’Hara MJ (1978) Low solubility of alumina in enstatite and uncertainties in estimated palaeogeotherms. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A 288:471-486

Hsu LC (1967) Melting of fayalite up to 40 kilobars. J Geophys Res 72:4235-4244

Huckenholz HG, Kunzmann T (1994) Ca-Tschermaks pyroxene and the solubility of aluminum in diopside. Terra Abstracts, Suppl 1, vol 6, Blackwell, London, p 25

Huckenholz HG, Holzl E, Lindhuber W (1975) Grossularite, its solidus and liquidus relations in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system up to 10 kbar. Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh 124:1-46

Hutchison MT (1997) The constitution of the deep transition zone and lower mantle shown by diamonds and their inclusions. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh

Hutchison MT, Hursthouse MB, Light ME (2001) Mineral inclusions in diamonds: Associations and chemical distinctions around the 670-km discontinuity. Contrib Mineral Petrol 142:119-126

Hunter RS, McKenzie D (1989) The equilibrium geometry of carbonate melts in rocks of mantle composition. Earth Planet Sci Lett 92:347-356

Inoue T (1994) Effect of water on melting phase relations and melt composition in the system Mg2SiO4-MgSiO3-H2O up to 15 GPa. Phys Earth Planet Inter 85:237-263

Ionov DA, Dupuy C, O'Reilly SY, Kopylova MG, Genshaft YS (1993) Carbonated peridotite xenoliths from Spitsbergen: Implications for trace element signature of mantle carbonate metasomatism. Earth Planet Sci Lett 119:283-297

Iota V, Yoo CS, Cynn H (1999) Quartzlike carbon dioxide: An optically nonlinear extended solid at high pressures and temperatures. Science 283:1510-1513

Ireland TR, Wlotzka F (1992) The oldest zircons in the solar system. Earth Planet Sci Lett 109:1-10

Irifune T (1987) An experimental investigation of the pyroxene-garnet transformation in a pyrolite composition and its bearing on the constitution of the mantle. Phys Earth Planet Inter 45:324-336

Irifune T, Ohtani E (1986) Melting of pyrope Mg3Al2Si3O12 up to 10 GPa: Possibility of a pressure-induced structural change in pyrope melt. J Geophys Res 91:9357-9366

Irifune T, Ringwood AE (1987) Phase transformations in primitive MORB and pyrolite compositions and some geophysical implications. In: Manghnani MH, Syono Y (eds) High Pressure Research in Mineral Physics. Geophys Monograph 39, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, pp 231-242

Irifune T, Sekine T, Ringwood AE, Hibberson WO (1986) The eclogite-garnetite transformation at high pressure and some geophysical implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 77:245-256

Irifune T, Susaki J, Yagi T, Sawamoto H (1989) Phase transformations in diopside CaMgSi2O6 at pressures up to 25 GPa. Geophys Res Lett 16:187-190

Irifune T, Koizumi T, Ando J-i (1996) An experimental study of the garnet-perovskite transformation in the system MgSiO3-Mg3Al2Si3O12. Phys Earth Planet Inter 96:147-157

Irifune T, et al (1998) The postspinel phase boundary in Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ X-ray diffraction. Science 279:1698-1700

Ito E, Navrotsky A (1985) MgSiO3 ilmenite: Calorimetry, phase equilibria, and decomposition at atmospheric pressure. Am Mineral 70:1020-1026

Ito E, Takahashi E (1987) Ultrahigh pressure transformations and the constitution of the deep mantle. In: Manghnani MH, Syono Y (eds) High pressure research in mineral physics. Geophys Monograph 39, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, pp 221-229

Ito E, Takahashi E (1989) Postspinel transformations in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 and some geophysical implications. J Geophys Res 94:10637-10646

Jackson I (1976) Melting of the silica isotypes SiO2, BeF2, and GeO2 at elevated pressures. Phys Earth Planet Inter 13:218-231

Jacobsen SB, Wasserburg GJ (1980) Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 50:139-155

Jeanloz R, Richter F (1979) Convection, composition and the thermal state of the lower mantle. J Geophys Res 84:5497-5504

Jenkins DM, Newton RC (1979) Experimental determination of the spinel peridotite to garnet peridotite inversion at 900°C and 1,000°C in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, and at 900°C with natural garnet and olivine. Contrib Mineral Petrol 68:407-419

Jenner GA, Green DH (1983) Equilibria in the Mg-rich part of the pyroxene quadrilateral. Mineral Mag 47:153-160

Johnson MC, Walker D (1993) Brucite [Mg(OH)2] dehydration and the molar volume of H2O to 15 GPa. Am Mineral 78:271-284

Jones AP, Price GD, Price NJ, DeCarli PS, Clegg RA (2002) Impact induced melting and the development of large igneous provinces. Earth Planet Sci Lett 202:551-561

Joswig W, Stachel T, Harris JW, Baur WH, Brey GP (1999) New Ca-silicate inclusions in diamonds – tracers from the lower mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 173:1-6

Kanzaki M (1987) Ultrahigh-pressure phase relations in the system Mg4Si4O12-Mg3Al2Si3O12. Phys Earth Planet Inter 49:168-175

Kanzaki M (1990) Melting of silica up to 7 GPa. J Am Ceramic Soc 73:3706-3707

Kanzaki M (1991a) Ortho/clinoenstatite transition. Phys Chem Mineral 17:726-730

Kanzaki M (1991b) Stability of hydrous magnesium silicates in the mantle transition zone. Phys Earth Planet Inter 66:307-312

Kanzaki M, Stebbins JF, Xue X (1991) Characterization of quenched high pressure phases in CaSiO3 system by XRD and 29Si NMR. Geophys Res Lett 18:463-466

Kato T, Kumazawa M (1985) Garnet phase of MgSiO3 filling the pyroxene-ilmenite gap at very high temperature. Nature 316:803-805

Kato T, Kumazawa M (1986) Melting and phase relations in the system Mg2SiO4-MgSiO3 at 20 GPa under hydrous conditions. J Geophys Res 91:9351-9355

Katsura T, Ito E (1989) The system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 at high pressures and temperatures: Precise determination of stabilities of olivine, modified spinel, and spinel. J Geophys Res 94:15663-15670

Kaula WM (1983) Minimal upper mantle temperature variations consistent with observed heat flow and plate velocities. J Geophys Res 88:10323-10332

Kerrick DM, Connolly JAD (1998) Subduction of ophicarbonates and recycling of CO2 and H2O. Geology 26:375-378

Kerrick DM, Darken LS (1975) Statistical thermodynamic models for ideal oxide and silicate solid solutions, with application to plagioclase. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39:1431-1442

Kesson SE, Fitz Gerald JD (1991) Partitioning of MgO, FeO, NiO, MnO and Cr2O3 between magnesian silicate perovskite and magnesiowüstite: Implications for the origin of inclusions in diamond and the composition of the lower mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 111:229-240

Khanukhova LT, Zharikov VA, Ishbulatov RA, Litvin YuA (1976a) Excess silica in solid solutions of high-pressure clinopyroxenes as shown by experimental study of the system CaMgSi2O6-CaAl2SiO6-SiO2 at 35 kilobars and 1200°C. Dokl Acad Sci USSR 229:170-172

Khanukhova LT, Zharikov VA, Ishbulatov RA, Litvin YuA (1976b) Pyroxene solid solutions in the system NaAlSi2O6-CaAl2SiO6-SiO2 at 35 kilobars and 1200°C. Dokl Acad Sci USSR 231:140-142

Kido M, Cadek O (1997) Inferences of viscosity from the oceanic geoid: Indication of a low viscosity zone below the 660-km discontinuity. Earth Planet Sci Lett 151:125-137

King SD, Masters G (1992) An inversion for radial viscosity structure using seismic tomography. Geophys Res Lett 19:1551-1554

Kiseleva IA, Ogorodova LP, Topor LP, Chigareva OG (1979) Thermochemical studies of CaO-MgO-SiO2 system. Geokhimiya 1979:1821-1825

Kiseleva IA, Ostapenko GT, Ogorodova LP, Topor ND, Timoshkova LP (1983) High-temperature calorimetric data on the andalusite-kyanite-sillimanite-mullite phase equilibria. Geokhimya 9:1247-1256

Komatsu M (1980) Clinoenstatite in volcanic rocks from the Bonin Islands. Contrib Mineral Petrol 74:329-338

Koziol AM, Newton RC (1988) Redetermination of the anorthite breakdown reaction and improvement of the plagioclase-garnet-Al2SiO5-quartz geobarometer. Am Mineral 73:216-223

Krupka KM, Hemingway BS, Robie RA, Kerrick DM (1985a) High-temperature heat capacities and derived thermodynamic properties of anthophyllite, diopside, dolomite, enstatite, bronzite, talc, tremolite and wollastonite. Am Mineral 70:261-271

Krupka KM, Robie RA, Hemingway BS, Kerrick DM, Ito J (1985b) Low-temperature heat capacities and derived thermodynamic properties of anthophyllite, diopside, enstatite, bronzite, and wollastonite. Am Mineral 70:249-260

Kubo A, Ito E, Katsura T, Akaogi M (1998) Post-garnet transition in the system MgSiO3-Al2O3. Rev High Pressure Sci Technol 7:122-124

Kudo R, Ito E (1996) Melting relations in the system Mg4Si4O12 (En) -Mg3Al2Si3O12 (Py) at high pressures. Phys Earth Planet Inter 96:159-169

Kudoh Y, Inoue T, Arashi H (1996) Structure and crystal chemistry of hydrous wadsleyite, Mg1.75SiH0.5O4: Possible hydrous magensium silicate in the mantle transition zone. Phys Chem Minerals 23:461-469

Kushiro I (1964) Wollastonite-pseudowollastonite inversion. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 63:83-84

Kushiro I (1965a) Coexistence of nepheline and enstatite at high pressures. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 64:109-112

Kushiro I (1965b) The liquidus relations in the systems forsterite-CaAl2SiO6-silica and forsterite-nepheline-silica at high pressures. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 64:103-109

Kushiro I (1969a) The system forsterite-diopside-silica with and without water at high pressures. Am J Sci 267-A:269-294

Kushiro I (1969b) Clinopyroxene solid solutions formed by reactions between diopside and plagioclase at high pressures. Mineral Soc Am Spec Pap 2:179-191

Kushiro I (1972) Determination of liquidus relations in synthetic silicate systems with electron probe analysis: The system forsterite-diopside-silica at 1 atmosphere. Am Mineral 57:1260-1271

Kushiro I, Yoder HS Jr (1966) Anorthite forsterite and anorthite enstatite reactions and their bearing on the basalt-eclogite transformation. J Petrol 7:337-362

Kushiro I, Syono Y, Akimoto S (1967) Effect of pressure on garnet-pyroxene equilibrium in the system MgSiO3-CaSiO3-Al2O3. Earth Planet Sci Lett 2:460-464

Kushiro I, Yoder HS Jr, Nishikawa M (1968) Effect of water on the melting of enstatite. Geol Soc Am Bull 79:1685-1692

Kuzel HJ (1961) Uber die Formel und Elementarzelle des Sapphirins. Neues Jahrb Mineral Monatsh 1061:68-71 (in German)

Lane DL, Ganguly J (1980) Al2O3 solubility in orthopyroxene in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2: A reevaluation, and mantle geotherm. J Geophys Res 85:6963-6972

Lindsley DH (1965) Ferrosillite. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 64:148-150

Lindsley DH (1967) Pressure-temperature relations in the system FeO-SiO2. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 65:226-230

Lindsley DH (1980) Phase equilibria of pyroxenes at pressures > 1 atmosphere. In: Prewitt CT (ed) Reviews in Mineralogy, vol 7, Pyroxenes. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC, pp 289-307

Lindsley DH, Dixon SA (1976) Diopside-enstatite equilibria at 850 to 1400°C, 5-35 kbars. Am J Sci 276:1285-1301

Lindsley DH, Munoz JL (1969) Ortho-clino inversion in ferrosilite. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 67:86-88

Lindsley DH, Grover JE, Davidson PM (1981) The thermodynamics of the Mg2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6 join: A review and an improved model. In: Newton RC, Navrotsky A, Wood BJ (eds) Thermodynamics of Minerals and Melts, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 149-175

Liu L (1977a) The system enstatite-pyrope at high pressures and temperatures and the mineralogy of the earth's mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 36:237-245

Liu L (1977b) High pressure NaAlSiO4: The first silicate calcium ferrite isotype. Geophys Res Lett 4:183-186

Liu L (1978) High-pressure phase transformations of albite, jadeite and nepheline. Earth Planet Sci Lett 37:438-444

Liu L (1980) Phase relations in the system diopside-jadeite at high pressures and high temperatures. Earth Planet Sci Lett 47:398-402

Liu L, Lin CC (1995) High-pressure phase transformations of carbonates in the system CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2. Earth Planet Sci Lett 134:297-305

Longhi J, Baker MB (1999) The spinel/garnet transition in CMAS. Eos Trans AGU 80(17), Spring Meet Suppl:S379

Longhi J, Boudreau AE (1980) The orthoenstatite liquidus field in the system forsterite-diopside-silica at one atmosphere. Am Mineral 65:563-573

Maaløe S, Wyllie PJ (1979) The join grossularite-pyrope at 30 kb and its petrological significance. Am J Sci 279:288-301

Maas R, Kinny PD, Williams IS, Froude DO, Compston W (1992) The Earth’s oldest known crust: a geochronological and geochemical study of 3900-4200 Ma old detrital zircons from Mt. Narryer and Jack Hills, Western Australia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:1281-1300

MacGregor ID (1964) The reaction 4 enstatite + spinel = forsterite + pyrope. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 63:156-157

MacGregor ID (1974) The system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2: Solubility of Al2O3 in enstatite for spinel and garnet peridotite compositions. Am Mineral 59:110-119

Malavergne V, Guyot F, Benzerara K, Martinez I (2001) Description of new shock-induced phases in the Shergotty, Zagami, Nakhla and Chassigny meteorites. Meteorit Planet Sci 36:1297-1305

Malinovskiy IY, Doroshev AM (1975) Low-pressure boundary of the stability field of pyrope. In: Experimental Studies in Mineralogy, Akad Nauk SSSR, Novosibirsk, pp 95-100 (in Russian)

Malinovskiy IY, Godovikov AA, Doroshev AM, Ran EN (1976) Silicate systems at high temperatures and pressures in connection with the petrology of the upper mantle and lower layers of the earth’s crust. In: Godovikov AA (ed) Physico-Chemical Conditions of the Processes of Formation of Minerals. Acad Nauk SSSR, Novosibirsk, pp 135-146 (in Russian)

Manuilova NS (1937) Crystalline phases in the system Na2O-MgO-SiO2. Trans Second Conf Exp Mineral Petrol, 7-10 May 1936, Akad Nauk SSSR, Moscow Leningrad, pp 96-101 (in Russian)

Mao HK (1971) The system jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) - anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) at high pressures. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 69:163-168

Mao HK, Yagi T, Bell PM (1977) Mineralogy of the Earth’s deep mantle: Quenching experiments on mineral compositions at high pressure and temperature. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 76:502-504

McCammon C, Hutchison M, Harris J (1997) Ferric iron content of mineral inclusions in diamonds from São Luiz: A view into the lower mantle. Science 278:434-436

McCormick TC (1986) Crystal-chemical aspects of nonstoichiometric pyroxenes. Am Mineral 71:1434-1440

McKenzie D (1985) The extraction of magma from the crust and mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 74:81-91

McKenzie D, Bickle MJ (1988) The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere. J Petrol 29:625-679

McMillan P, Akaogi M, Ohtani E, Williams Q, Nieman R, Sato R (1989) Cation disorder in garnets along the Mg3Al2Si3O12-Mg4Si4O12 join: An infrared, Raman and NMR study. Phys Chem Mineral 16:428-435

Meyer HOA, Boyd FR (1972) Composition and origin of crystalline inclusions in natural diamonds. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 36:1255-1273

Minarik WG, Watson EB (1995) Interconnectivity of carbonate melt at low melt fraction. Earth Planet Sci Lett 133:423-437

Mirwald PW, Massonne H-J (1980) The low-high quartz and quartz-coesite transition to 40 kbar between 600° and 1600°C and some reconnaissance data on the effect of NaAlO2 component on the low quartz-coesite transition. J Geophys Res 85:6983-6990

Molina JF, Poli S (2000) Carbonate stability and fluid composition in subducted oceanic crust: An experimental study on H2O-CO2-bearing basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 176:295-310

Moore RO, Gurney JJ (1985) Pyroxene solid solution in garnets included in diamond. Nature 318:553-555

Moore RO, Otter ML, Rickard RS, Harris JW, Gurney JJ (1986) The occurrence of moissanite and ferro-periclase as inclusions in diamond. Extd Abstr 4th Inter Kimberlite Conf, Perth, Geol Soc Austral 16:409-411

Moore RO, Gurney JJ, Griffin WL, Shimizu N (1991) Ultra-high pressure garnet inclusions in Monastery diamonds: Trace element abundance patterns and conditions of origin. Eur J Mineral 3:213-230

Morgan P, Phillips RJ (1983) Hot spot heat transfer: its application to Venus and implications to Venus and Earth. J Geophys Res 88:8305-8317

Mori T, Green DH (1975) Pyroxenes in the system Mg2Si2O6-CaMgSi2O6 at high pressure. Earth Planet Sci Lett 26:277-286

Mori T, Green DH (1976) Subsolidus equilibria between pyroxenes in the CaO-MgO-SiO2 system at high pressures and temperatures. Am Mineral 61:616-625

Mukhopadhyay B (1991) Garnet-clinopyroxene geobarometry: The problems, a prospect, and an approximate solution with some applications. Am Mineral 76:512-529

Nelson DR, Chivas AR, Chappell BW, McCulloch, MT (1988) Geochemical and isotope systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:1-17

Newsom HE, Taylor SR (1989) Geochemical implications of the formation of the Moon by a single giant impact. Nature 338:29-34

Newton RC (1972) An experimental determination of the high-pressure stability limits of magnesian cordierite under wet and dry conditions. J Geol 80:398-420

Newton RC, Charlu TV, Kleppa OJ (1977) Thermochemistry of high pressure garnets and clinopyroxenes in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:369-377

Newton RC, Charlu PA, Anderson PAM, Kleppa OJ (1979) Thermochemistry of synthetic clinopyroxenes in the join CaMgSi2O6-Mg2Si2O6. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:55-60

Newton RC, Charlu TV, Kleppa OJ (1980) Thermochemistry of the high structural state plagioclases. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:933-941

Ni S, Ding X, Helmberger DV, Gurnis M (1999) Low-velocity structure beneath Africa from forward modeling. Earth Planet Sci Lett 170:497-507

Nickel KG, Brey G (1984) Subsolidus orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene systematics in the system CaO-MgO-SiO2 to 60 kbar: A re-evaluation of the regular solution model. Contrib Mineral Petrol 87:35-42

Nickel KG, Brey GP, Kogarko L (1985) Orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS): New experimental results and implications for two-pyroxene thermometry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 91:44-53

Nicol M, Yoo C-S, Cynn H, Iota-Herbei V (2000) Transformations in the carbon-oxygen system initiated by laser heating at high pressure: Evidence for an ionic dimer and "superhard" polymer of carbon dioxide. Eos Trans AGU 81(19), Spring Meet. Suppl:S48

Obata M (1976) The solubility of Al2O3 in orthopyroxenes in spinel and plagioclase peridotites and spinel pyroxenite. Am Mineral 61:804-816

Ohtani M, Kumazawa M (1981) Melting of forsterite Mg2SiO4 up to 15 GPa. Phys Earth Planet Inter 27:32-38

Ohtani E, Kato T, Sawamoto H (1986) Melting of a model chondritic mantle to 20 GPa. Nature 322:352-353

Ohtani E, Suzuki A, Kato T (1993) Flotation of olivine in the peridotite melt at high pressure. Proc Jpn Acad 69(B):23-28

Ohtani E, Shibata T, Kubo T, Kato T (1995) Stability of hydrous phases in the transition zone and the upper most part of the lower mantle. Geophys Res Lett 22:2553-2556

O'Nions RK, Oxburgh ER (1983) Heat and helium in the Earth. Nature 306:429-432

O'Nions RK, Tolstikhin IN (1996) Limits on the mass flux between lower and upper mantle and stability of layering. Earth Planet Sci Lett 139:213-222

Osborn EF, Shairer JF (1941) The ternary system pseudowollastonite-åkermanite-gehlenite. Am J Sci 239:715-763

Ozima M, Akimoto S (1983) Flux growth of single crystals of MgGeO3 polymorphs (orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite) and their phase relations and crystal structures. Am Mineral 68:1199-1205

Peacor DR (1968) The crystal structure of CoGeO3. Zeitschrift Kristallogr 126:299-306

Pearson DG, Shirey SB, Harris JW, Carlson RW (1998) Sulphide inclusions in diamonds from the Koffiefontein kimberlite, S Africa: Constraints on diamond ages and mantle Re–Os systematics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 160:311-326

Pekeris CL (1935) Thermal convection in the interior of the earth. Monthly Notices R Astr Soc, Geophys Suppl 3:343-367

Perkins D III (1983) The stability of Mg-rich garnet in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 1000-1300°C and high pressure. Am Mineral 68:355-364

Perkins D III, Newton RC (1980) The compositions of coexisting pyroxenes and garnet in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 900°-1,100° C and high pressures. Contrib Mineral Petrol 75:291-300

Perkins D III, Holland TJB, Newton RC (1981) The Al2O3 contents of enstatite in equilibrium with garnet in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 15-40 kbar and 900°-1,600°C. Contrib Mineral Petrol 78:99-109

Perrotta AJ, Stephenson DA (1965) Clinoenstatite: High-low inversion. Science 148:1090-1091

Persikov ES, Kushiro I, Fujii T, Bukhtiyarov PG, Kurita K (1989) Anomalous pressure effect on viscosity of magmatic melts (abs). In: Phase Transformations at High Pressures and High Temperatures: Applications to Geophysical and Petrological Problems. Prog Abstr. for the DELP 1989 Misasa Inter Symp and 2nd Japan-USSR Symp, pp 28-30

Pierson ML, Windom KE (1986) Experimental determination of pyroxene compositions on the jadeite-enstatite join at 25 kbar pressure (abs). Geol Soc Am Abstr Prog 18:718

Pino NA, Helmberger DV (1997) Upper mantle compressional velocity structure beneath the West Mediterranean Basin. J Geophys Res 102:2953-2967

Plank T, Langmuir CH (1998) The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chem Geol 145:325-394

Pohkinlenko NP, Sobolev NV, McDonald JA, Hall AE, Yefimova ES, Zedgenizov DA, Logvinova AM, Reimers LF (2001) Crystalline inclusions in diamonds from kimberlites of the Snap Lake area (Slave Craton, Canada): New evidences for the anomalous lithospheric structure. Dokl Earth Sci 380:806-811

Pollack HN, Chapman DS (1977) On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness. Tectonophysics 38:279-296

Presnall DC (1976) Alumina content of enstatite as a geobarometer for plagioclase and spinel lherzolites. Am Mineral 61:582-588

Presnall DC, Walter MJ (1993) Melting of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, from 9.7 to 16.5 GPa. J Geophys Res 98:19777-19783

Presnall DC, Weng Y-H, Milholland CS, Walter MJ (1998) Liquidus phase relations in the system MgO-MgSiO3 at pressures up to 25 GPa-constraints on crystallization of a molten Hadean mantle. Phys Earth Planet Inter 107:83-95

Price SE, Russell JK, Kopylova MG (2000) Primitive magma from the Jericho pipe, N.W.T., Canada: Constraints on primary kimberlite melt chemistry. J Petrol 41:789-808

Prior GT (1916) On the genetic relationship and classification of meteorites. Mineral Mag 18:26-44

Rea DK, Ruff LJ (1996) Composition and mass flux of sediment entering the world's subduction zones: Implications for global sediment budgets, great earthquakes, and volcanism. Earth Planet Sci Lett 140:1-12

Redlich O, Kister AT (1948) Thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte solutions: Algebraic representation of thermodynamic properties and the classification of solutions. Indus Eng Chem 40:345-348

Reid AM, Cohen AJ (1967) Some characteristics of enstatite from enstatite achondrites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 31:661-672

Ricard Y, Vigny C, Froidevaux C (1989) Mantle heterogeneities, geoid and plate motion: A Monte Carlo inversion. J Geophys Res 94:13739-13754

Richardson SH, Harris JW (1997) Antiquity of peridotitic diamonds from the Siberian craton. Earth Planet Sci Lett 151:271-277

Richardson SH, Gurney JJ, Erlank AJ, Harris JW (1984) Origin of diamonds in old enriched mantle. Nature 310:198-202

Richardson SW, Bell PM, Gilbert MC (1968) Kyanite-sillimanite equilibrium between 700° and 1500°C. Amer J Sci 266:513-541

Riecker RE, Rooney TP (1967) Deformation and polymorphism of enstatite under shear stress. Geol Soc Am Bull 78:1045-1054

Ringwood AE (1962) A model for the upper mantle. J Geophys Res 67:857-867

Ringwood AE (1967) The pyroxene-garnet transformation in the earth's mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 2:255-263

Ringwood AE (1975) Composition and Petrology of the Earth's Mantle. McGraw-Hill, New York

Ringwood AE (1982) Phase transformations and differentiation in subducted lithosphere: Implications for mantle dynamics, basalt petrogenesis, and crustal evolution. J Geology 90:611-643

Ringwood AE, Irifune T (1988) Nature of the 650-km seismic discontinuity: Implications for mantle dynamics and differentiation. Nature 331:131-136

Ringwood AE, Major A (1966) High-pressure transformations in pyroxenes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 1:351-357

Ringwood AE, Major A (1967) High-pressure reconnaissance investigations in the system Mg2SiO4-MgO-H2O. Earth Planet Sci Lett 2:130-133

Ringwood AE, Kesson SE, Hibberson W, Ware N (1992) Origin of kimberlites and related magmas. Earth Planet Sci Lett 113:521-538

Robertson EC, Birch F, Mac Donald GJF (1957) Experimental determination of jadeite stability relations to 25,000 bars. Am J Sci 255:115-137

Robie RA, Hemingway BS, Fisher JR (1978) Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar (105 pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures. US Geol Surv Bull 1452, pp 456

Robinson P (1980) The composition space of terrestrial pyroxenes - internal and external limits. In: Prewitt CT (ed) Reviews in Mineralogy, vol 7, Pyroxenes. Mineral Soc Am, Washington DC, pp 419-494

Ross NL, Navrotsky A (1988) Study of the MgGeO3 polymorphs (orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite structures) by calorimetry, spectroscopy, and phase equilibria. Am Mineral 73:1355-1365

Rossi G, Smith DC, Ungaretti L, Domeneghetti MC (1983) Crystal-chemistry and cation ordering in the system diopside-jadeite: A detailed study by crystal structure refinement. Contrib Mineral Petrol 83:247-258

Rudnick RL, McDonough WF, Chappell BW (1993) Carbonatite metasomatism in the northern Tanzanian mantle: Petrographic and geochemical characteristics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 114:463-475

Sameshima T, Paris J-P, Black PM, Heming RF (1983) Clinoenstatite-bearing lava from Népui, New Caledonia. Am Mineral 68:1076-1082

Sautter V, Haggerty SE, Field S (1991) Ultradeep (>300 kilometers) ultramafic xenoliths: Petrological evidence from the transition zone. Science 252:827-830.

Sawamoto H (1987) Phase diagram of MgSiO3 at pressures up to 24 GPa and temperatures up to 2200°C: Phase stability and properties of tetragonal garnet. In: Manghnani MH, Syono Y (eds) High-Pressure Research in Mineral Physics, Terrapub, Tokyo, pp. 209-219

Sawamoto H, Kohzaki M (1985) Garnet-like MgSiO3 and constitution of the upper mantle (abs). In: The First USSR-Japan Symposium at High Pressures and High Temperatures, Reports, pp 48-50

Scarfe CM, Takahashi E (1986) Melting of garnet peridotite to 13 GPa and the early history of the upper mantle. Nature 322:354-356

Schairer JF, Yoder HS Jr (1961) Crystallization in the system nepheline-forsterite-silica at one atmosphere pressure. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 60:141-144

Schmid R, Cressey G, Wood BJ (1978) Experimental determination of univariant equilibria using divariant solid-solution assemblages. Am Mineral 63:511-515

Schreyer W (1968) A reconnaissance study of the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O at pressures between 10 and 25 kb. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 66:380-392

Schreyer W, Shairer JF (1961) Compositions and structural sites of anhydrous Mg-cordierites: A re-investigation of the central part of the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. J Petrol 2:324-406

Schreyer W, Seifert F (1969) High-pressure phases in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. Am J Sci 267-A:407-443

Schweitzer E (1982) The reaction pigeonite = diopsidess + enstatitess at 15 kbars. Am Mineral 67:54-58

Sclar CB, Carrison, LC, Schwartz CM (1964) High-pressure stability field of clinoenstatite and the orthoenstatite-clinoenstatite transition (abs). Eos trans AGU 45:121

Scott-Smith B, Danchin R, Harris J, Stracke K (1984) Kimberlites near Orrorroo, South Australia. In: Kornprobst J (ed) Kimberlites I: Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 121-142

Seifert F (1974) Stability of sapphirine: A study of the aluminous part of the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. J Geol 82:173-204

Sekine T, Wyllie PJ (1983) Effect of H2O on liquidus relationships in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 30 kilobars. J Geol 91:195-210

Sen G (1985) Experimental determination of pyroxene compositions in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 at 900°-1200°C and 10-15 kbar using PbO and H2O fluxes. Am Mineral 70:678-695

Sharma SK, Ghose S, Urmos JP (1987) Raman study of high-temperature phase transitions in ortho- and clinoenstatite (abs). Eos Trans AGU 68:433

Shearer PM (1995) Transition zone velocity gradients and the 520-km discontinuity. J Geophys Res 101:3053-3066

Shen G, Lazor P (1995) Measurement of melting temperatures of some minerals under lower mantle pressures. J Geophys Res 100:17699-17713

Simmons NA, Gurrola H (2000) Multiple seismic discontinuities near the base of the transition zone in the Earth’s mantle. Nature 405:559-562

Simon FE, Glatzel G (1929) Remarks on the fusion-pressure curve. Z Anorg Allg Chemie 178:309-316

Skinner BJ, Boyd FR (1964) Aluminous enstatites. Carnegie Inst Washington Year Book 63:163-165

Smith JV (1969) Magnesium pyroxenes at high temperature: Inversion in clinoenstatite. Nature 222:256-257

Smyth JR (1969) Orthopyroxene-high-low-clinopyroxene inversions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 6:406-407

Smyth JR (1974) The high temperature crystal chemistry of clinohypersthene. Am Mineral 59:1069-1082

Smyth JR (1980) Cation vacancies and the crystal chemistry of breakdown reactions in kimberlitic omphacites. Am Mineral 65:1185-1191

Smyth JR (1987) b-Mg2SiO4: A potential host for water in the mantle? Am Mineral 72:1051-1055

Smyth JR, Burnham CW (1972) The crystal structures of high and low clinohypersthene. Earth Planet Sci Lett 14:183-189

Snyder GA, Taylor LA, Crozaz G (1993) Rare earth element selenochemistry of immiscible liquids and zircon at Apollo 14: An ion probe study of evolved rocks on the Moon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:1143-1149

Sobolev NV, Yefimova ES, Reimers LF, Zakharchenko OD, Makhin AI, Usova LV (1997) Mineral inclusions in diamonds of the Arkhangelsk kimberlite province. Russian Geol Geophys 38:379-393

Spiliopoulos S, Stacey F (1984) The earth’s thermal profile: Is there a mid-mantle thermal boundary layer? J Geodynamics 1:61-77

Stachel T, Viljoen KS, Brey G, Harris JW (1998) Metasomatic processes in lherzolitic and harzburgitic domains of diamondiferous lithospheric mantle: REE in garnets from xenoliths and inclusions in diamonds. Earth Planet Sci Lett 159:1-12

Stachel T, Brey GP, Harris JW (2000a) Kankan diamonds (Guinea) I: From the lithosphere down to the transition zone. Contrib Mineral Petrol 140:1-15

Stachel T, Harris JW, Brey GP, Joswig W (2000b) Kankan diamonds (Guinea) II: Lower mantle inclusion parageneses. Contrib Mineral Petrol 140:16-27

Staudigel H, Plank T, White B, Schmincke H-U (1996) Geochemical fluxes during seafloor alteration of the basaltic upper oceanic crust: DSDP Site 417 and 418, AGU Geophys Monogr 96:19-37

Stephenson DA, Sclar CB, Smith JV (1966) Unit cell volumes of synthetic orthoenstatite and low clinoenstatite. Mineral Mag 35:838-846

Stevenson DJ (1986) On the role of surface tension in the migration of melts and fluids. Geophys Res Lett 13:1149-1152

Takahashi E (1986) Melting of dry peridotite KLB-1 up to 14 GPa: Implications on the origin of peridotitic upper mantle. J Geophys Res 91:9367-9382

Tamai H, Yagi T (1989) High-pressure and high-temperature phase relations in CaSiO3 and CaMgSi2O6, and elasticity of perovskite-type CaSiO3. Phys Earth Planet Inter 54:370-377

Taylor LA, Snyder GA, Crozaz G, Sobolev VN, Yefimova ES, Sobolev NV (1996) Eclogitic inclusions in diamonds: Evidence of complex mantle processes over time. Earth Planet Sci Lett 142:535-551

Terry MP, Robinson P, Carswell DA, Gasparik T (1999) Evidence for a proterozoic mantle plume and a thermotectonic model for exhumation of garnet peridotites, Western Gneiss Region, Norway. Eos Trans AGU 80(17), Spring Meet Suppl, pp S359-S360

Torgesen DR, Sahama TG (1948) A hydrofluoric acid solution calorimeter and the determination of the heats of formation of Mg2SiO4, MgSiO3, and CaSiO3. J Am Chem Soc 70:2156-2160

Treiman AH (1989) Carbonatite magma: Properties and processes. In: Bell K (ed) Carbonatites: Genesis and Evolution, Unwin Hyman, London, pp 89-104

Trommsdorff V, Wenk H-R (1968) Terrestrial metamorphic clinoenstatite in kinks of bronzite crystals. Contrib Mineral Petrol 19:158-168

Tschauner O, Mao H-k, Hemley RJ (2001) New transformations of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures. Phys Rew Lett 87.075701:1-4

Tuttle OF, Bowen NL (1958) Origin of granite in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O. Geol Soc Am Mem 74, 153 pp

Van der Hilst R, Engdahl R, Spakman W, Nolet G (1991) Tomographic imaging of subducted lithosphere below northwest Pacific island arcs. Nature 353:37-43

Viertel HU, Seifert F (1980) Thermal stability of defect spinels in the system MgAl2O4-Al2O3. Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh 140:89-101

Warner RD, Luth WL (1974) The diopside-orthoenstatite two-phase region in the system CaMgSi2O6-Mg2Si2O6. Am Mineral 59:98-109

Wang W, Gasparik T (1999) Melting of a primitive aphanitic kimberlite at 5.0 to 23.5 GPa: Implications for the origin of kimberlitic melts. Eos Trans AGU 80(46), Fall Meet Suppl:F1132

Wang W, Sueno S (1996) Discovery of a NaPx-En inclusion in diamond: Possible transition zone origin. Mineral J 18:9-16

Wang W, Takahashi E (1999) Subsolidus and melting experiments of a K-rich basaltic composition to 27 GPa: Implication for the behavior of potassium in the mantle. Am Mineral 84:357-361

Wang W, Takahashi E, Sueno S (1998) Geochemical properties of lithospheric mantle beneath the Sino-Korea craton; evidence from garnet xenocrysts and diamond inclusions. Phys Earth Planet Inter 107:249-260

Wang Y, Weidner DJ (1994) Thermoelasticity of CaSiO3 perovskite and implications for the lower mantle. Geophys Res Lett 21:895-898

Watson EB (1982) Melt infiltration and magma evolution. Geology 10:236-240

Watson EB, Brenan JM, Baker DR (1990) Distribution of fluids in the continental mantle. In: Menzies MA (ed) Continental Mantle. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 16:111-125

Washington HS (1925) The chemical composition of the Earth. Am J Sci (5th ser) 9:351-378

Wei K, Tronnes RG, Scarfe CM (1990) Phase relations of aluminum-undepleted and aluminum-depleted komatiites at pressures of 4-12 GPa. J Geophys Res 95:15817-15827

Weill DF (1966) Stability relations in the Al2O3-SiO2 system calculated from solubilities in the Al2O3-SiO2-Na3AlF6 system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 30:223-237

Wen L, Silver P, James D, Kuehnel R (2001) Seismic evidence for a thermo-chemical boundary at the base of the Earth’s mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 189:141-153

Whitehouse MJ, Kamber BS (2002) On the overabundance of light rare earth elements in terrestrial zircons and its implication for Earth’s earliest magmatic differentiation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 204:333-346

Wilding MC (1990) A study of diamonds with syngenetic inclusions. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh

Wilding MC, Harte B, Harris JW (1991) Evidence for a deep origin for São Luiz diamonds. Fifth Inter Kimberlite Conf, Brazil, Spec Pub 2/91:456-458

Williams DW, Kennedy GC (1969) Melting curve of diopside to 50 kilobars. J Geophys Res 74:4359-4366

Windom KE, Boettcher AL (1981) Phase relations for the joins jadeite-enstatite and jadeite-forsterite at 28 kb and their bearing on basalt genesis. Am J Sci 281:335-351

Windom KE, Unger CP (1988) Stability of the assemblage albite plus forsterite at high temperatures and pressures with petrologic applications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 98:390-400

Wood BJ (1975) The application of thermodynamics to some subsolidus equilibria involving solid solutions. Fortschr Mineral 52:21-45

Wood BJ (1978) Reactions involving anorthite and CaAl2SiO6 pyroxene at high pressures and temperatures. Am J Sci 278:930-942

Wood BJ (1979) Activity-composition relationships in Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6-CaAl2SiO6 clinopyroxene solid solutions. Am J Sci 279:854-875

Wood BJ, Henderson CMB (1978) Compositions and unit-cell parameters of synthetic non-stoichiometric tschermakitic clinopyroxenes. Am Mineral 63:66-72

Wood BJ, Holloway JR (1984) A thermodynamic model for subsolidus equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:159-176

Wood BJ, Nicholls J (1978) The thermodynamic properties of reciprocal solid solutions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 66:389-400

Wood BJ, Holland TJB, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1980) Thermochemistry of jadeite-diopside pyroxenes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:1363-1371

Wopenka B, Jolliff BL, Zinner E, Kremser DT (1996) Trace element zoning and incipient metamictization in a lunar zircon: Application of three microprobe techniques. Am Mineral 81:902-912

Yamada H, Takahashi E (1984) Subsolidus phase relations between coexisting garnet and two pyroxenes at 50 to 100 kbar in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. In: Kornprobst J (ed) Kimberlites II: The Mantle and Crust-Mantle Relationships, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 247-255

Yamamoto K, Akimoto S (1977) The system MgO-SiO2-H2O at high pressures and temperatures – stability field for hydroxyl-chondrodite, hydroxyl-clinohumite and 10 Å-phase. Am J Sci 277:288-312

Yamanaka T, Hirano M, Takéuchi Y (1985) A high temperature transition in MgGeO3 from clinopyroxene (C2/c) type to orthopyroxene (Pbca) type. Am Mineral 70:365-374

Yang H-Y (1973) Crystallization of iron-free pigeonite in the system anorthite-diopside-enstatite-silica at atmospheric pressure. Am J Sci 273:488-497

Yang H-Y, Foster WR (1972) Stability of iron-free pigeonite at atmospheric pressure. Am Mineral 57:1232-1241

Yoder HS Jr (1964) Genesis of principal basalt magmas. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 63:97-101

Yoder HS Jr (1967) Spilites and serpentinites. Carnegie Inst Wash Yearb 65:269-279

Yoder HS Jr, Tilley CE (1962) Origin of basalt magmas: An experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems. J Petrol 3:342-532

Yoo CS, Cynn H, Gygi F, Galli G, Iota V, Nicol M, Carlson S, Häusermann D, Mailhiot C (1999) Crystal structure of carbon dioxide at high pressure: "Superhard" polymeric carbon dioxide. Phys Rev Lett 83:5527-5530

Zedgenizov DA, Yefimova ES, Logvinova AM, Shatsky VS, Sobolev NV (2001) Ferropericlase inclusions in a diamond microcrystal from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia. Dokl Earth Sci 377A:319-321

Zemann A, Zemann J (1961) Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur von synthetischen Pyrop, Mg3Al2(SiO4)3. Acta Crystallogr 14:835-837 (in German)

Zhang J, Herzberg C (1994a) Melting of pyrope, Mg3Al2Si3O12, at 7-16 GPa. Am Mineral 79:497-503

Zhang J, Herzberg C (1994b) Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1 from 5.0 to 22.5 GPa. J Geophys Res 99:17729-17742

Zhang RY, Liou JG (1994) Significance of magnesite in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Am Mineral 79:397-400

Zhu H, Newton RC, Kleppa OJ (1994) Enthalpy of formation of wollastonite (CaSiO3) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) by experimental phase equilibrium measurements and high-temperature solution calorimetry. Am Mineral 79:134-144